Gary has reminded me of the joys of social network analysis:
Valdis Krebs states “organization charts prescribe that work and information flow in a hierarchy, but network mapping reveals [they] actually flow through a vast web of informal channels.”

Social network analysis involves the mapping and measuring of these normally invisible relationships between people, providing an organizational X-ray for use by HR managers and consultants.

And not just HR managers and consultants – there are big implications here, to take a not completely random example, for engagement with and dissemination of strategic thinking.  And the analysis can reveal connections and networks which are not obvious – one example is an analyis by Krebs of the connections between the 9/11 hijackers.